Politic

COMIC: How the census gives your state power (and what Trump wants to change)

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The census is used to determine how much say your state has in Congress and the Electoral College. President Trump failed to alter it during his first term, but he’s trying again ahead of 2030.

​The census is used to determine how much say your state has in Congress and the Electoral College. President Trump failed to alter it during his first term, but he’s trying again ahead of 2030. 

Editor’s note: Earlier versions of this comic were published in 2020 and 2021.

Hi! I'm NPR correspondent Hansi Lo Wang. Did you know the census helps determine how much power your state will have in Congress and the Electoral College for the next 10 years? [Image description: Hansi, depicted as a cat with glasses, waves hello.]
That’s because the Constitution requires a count of every person living in the states once a decade. And state population totals from the census are used to reassign House seats and Electoral College votes — a process called congressional apportionment!
The Trump administration is trying to change who gets included in the apportionment counts. It wants to — for the first time in U.S. history — leave out any resident who is not a U.S. citizen or green-card holder.
This proposal would make some residents invisible in the apportionment counts. And it could shift power away from states with higher numbers of certain noncitizen residents, including people without legal status. The proposal is expected to set off court battles.
Think of the process as a relay race. The runners are the commerce secretary (who oversees the Census Bureau), the president and Congress. The batons are state population counts and House reapportionment numbers. [Image description: Hansi puts on an exercise outfit as he talks.]
The Census Bureau usually prepares the two batons. One contains the latest state population counts. The other contains each state’s House reapportionment numbers, which are calculated from the state counts and help determine a state’s share of Electoral College votes.
The batons go from the commerce secretary to the president and then to Congress, which finishes by passing only the second baton to the governor in each state. State redistricting officials then wait for more census data to redraw voting districts.
How this relay ends will set up how much representation your state gets for the coming decade. Then, after the next census, another relay begins. [Image description: Hansi looks at a 2040 finish line in the distance.]

Edited by Acacia Squires, Nicole Werbeck and Benjamin Swasey, with copy editing by Preeti Aroon

 

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